If you carry out all the right checks before buying a used car, you can rest easy in the knowledge you have covered all the bases and bought a good, sound car. If you don’t you could find yourself with a lemon that will cost you a fortune to repair or rid yourself of, and stress you to the max in the process.
It’s not that difficult. Most of the checks are common sense, so don’t be put off. An initial check of the basics will often rule out the duds and, once you’ve homed in on the car you reckon is the one to buy, have it thoroughly checked by a properly qualified professional.
These are the basic checks you can easily do when assessing a car to buy.
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
1. DOG TYRED
TYRES are the most critical safety item on a car, so it’s important to check the rubber.
Read the tyre placard — usually inside the front door — or the owner’s manual to make sure the tyres that are fitted are the correct size, have the correct load and speed ratings, and are all the same.
A look at the inflation pressure in the tyres may tell you something about the owner and how diligent they are about regular checks.
State laws require a minimum tread depth of 1.5mm; any less and you will have to replace them when you want to transfer ownership. Also look for splits, bulges or scars in the sidewalls or tread area.
Check the spare, too. Unless it’s a space-saver it should be the same size as the other tyres, have the same load and speed rating, and be roadworthy.
Alloy wheels should be checked for damage caused by hitting kerbs. Slight scarring can be machined out, but heavy damage may have buckled or cracked the rim. If the alloys were not factory-fitted, make sure they have the correct load rating — this is particularly important for utes, vans and heavy four-wheel drives.
It is illegal to drive on wheels that have the incorrect load rating — you could be put off the road.
2. UNDER THE BONNET
CHECK the engine bay for general cleanliness. If it sparkles, it may have been recently cleaned for sale. A filthy bay would suggest neglect. It should be somewhere in between.
Look for oil leaks around the engine, coolant leaks around the radiator and hoses, and leaks from the power-steering system.
Also look for cracked or perished cooling hoses and engine-drive belts, and frayed and loose wiring.
Pull out the engine-oil dipstick and check the oil quality. It shouldn’t be dirty or smell burnt, and there should be no sign of moisture. Do the same with the auto-transmission dipstick.
Milkiness in the coolant is a sure sign of oil in the system and an indicator of major engine problems.
3. ON THE INSIDE
OUR hot sun and high UV punishes cars, particularly the interiors.
Today’s sharply angled windscreens leave the dash more exposed to the sun, causing ugly cracks in dash pads, instrument binnacles and other plastic hardware. These can be repaired, but it’s expensive.
Early European and Japanese cars don’t take our harsh sun very well and are most prone to damage, but plastics have improved and it’s not such a problem on later-model cars.
The trim gets punished as well, especially the driver’s seat. Expect it to be worn and faded, perhaps even torn and split. Look beneath any seat covers — they could be concealing damaged trim.
Carpets may also be worn, particularly under the driver’s right foot. Lift any mats and check underneath for wear.
4. PERFECT PAINT
FADED paint is common on older cars, particularly those from Asia. Red or silver is worst, but at least it’s obvious when it occurs.
Check flat surfaces that are most exposed to the sun, such as bonnet, roof, boot lid and bumpers.
Flaws other than fading aren’t so visible. Cars left parked under trees or powerlines may be damaged by sap and bird droppings, both of which are acidic and damage paint.
If the deposits are not cleaned away quickly the paintwork can be permanently stained and there’s little or no chance of restoring it.
5. ALL SYSTEMS GO
METHODICALLY test all systems to ensure they work. Assume nothing. Try the wipers on all speeds, headlights on low and high beam, tail, brake and reversing lights, turn signals, side repeaters, headlight flashers and fog lamps.
Make sure all the warning lights come on when the ignition is switched on, and go off as they’re meant to when the engine starts. Any that stay on indicate a problem.
Operate the air conditioning in all modes, and do the same with the heater.
If the car has power windows and mirrors, work them up and down, in and out. Slide the seats back and forth and crank the seat-back up and down.
Don’t forget the sound system, Take along a favorite CD, slide it in and listen. Does it sound the way it should? Try all modes — radio, cassette, CD — and make sure all speakers belt out the sound, with no rattles or odd noises that could suggest a fault.
When road-testing the car, play a CD and see if it skips when you’re traveling along a bumpy road.
If cruise control is fitted, engage it during the road test, put it through all modes and make sure it disengages correctly.
6. SAFE ‘N’ SOUND
SAFETY should be top of list when we buy a car, so checking that the safety equipment works properly is a must.
Airbags cannot be readily checked, but make sure the airbag warning light works by turning on the ignition, and that it goes out when the engine is started.
If it’s not illuminated when the ignition is first turned on, it’s possible there’s a fault with the airbag; if it stays illuminated when the engine starts, it almost certainly has a fault.
Look for wear on the seatbelt webbing straps and make sure the inertia reel works correctly by extending the belt and allowing it to feed back. The action should be smooth and without hesitation.
When you jerk the belt it should lock; if it doesn’t, it won’t do so in a crash when you need it the most. It should also lock when the car is parked on a big slope, up, down or sideways.
7. BE BODY WISE
RUST is a serious problem on all cars, though the widespread use of galvanized steels and extensive use of rust-prevention treatments on modern cars means it’s not the problem it once was.
Cars usually rust from the inside out. Moisture gets trapped between panels, inside doors, under carpets and seals, where the steel is unprotected by paint or other surface treatments.
If you see bubbles, holes or stains in the external painted surfaces, you can be sure more serious corrosion is taking place below the surface.
Areas most prone to rusting are the lower sections of the doors, the front and rear mudguards, the interior and boot floors, and around the windows.
Open all doors and check the lower faces; lift the carpets, including the boot mat, and look for moisture underneath. Look for staining around windows, which could indicate rusting of the window-sealing flange.
External rusting usually occurs when the painted surface is damaged, exposing the steel underneath.
Look for scratches and dents not only on the outer surfaces, but on the under body, which can be damaged by rocks, deep ruts or debris on the road.
An under body check is vital on four-wheel drives — they are most exposed to damage from sand, rocks, logs and water when used off the beaten track.
Extended use on gravel roads can sand-blast the under body almost clean, giving rust a hold.
Off-road tracks are littered with rocks and logs that can be flung against the under body, causing considerable damage not only to the under body but to the various mounting brackets that retain fuel and brake lines, exhaust pipes and suspension.
River and creek crossings further encourage rust.
8. ON THE ROAD
FOR the road test, try to arrange to start the car from stone cold, because that’s when problems will be most apparent.
Note any rattles or knocks during start-up, and once started the engine should idle smoothly and steadily. It shouldn’t hesitate or stall when you go to drive away.
Keep checking the oil-pressure and coolant-temperature gauges. The oil-pressure gauge should quickly rise to mid-scale position and stay there; if it’s slow to rise or drops away there’s a problem.
The coolant-temperature gauge should also rise to mid-scale and stay there; if it rises the engine may be overheating.
Accelerate hard, up to full throttle if conditions allow you to do so safely. Does the engine readily respond?
Have someone tail you during the drive so they can watch for smoke from the exhaust, particularly on acceleration or when you lift off the accelerator pedal.
The steering should be straight ahead, with no tendency to pull left or right under brakes. There should be no jerkiness in the steering when the wheel is turned.
When driving over bumpy roads the suspension should react to the bump, then quickly settle back to normal. If it continues to bounce well after you’ve driven over the bump, the shock absorbers probably need replacing.
The automatic transmission should select gears smoothly and without hesitation when accelerating under load, and it should down shift when you step on the accelerator hard, or select a lower gear.
Likewise, a manual gearbox should show no reluctance to engage gears, reverse included, and the clutch should take up smoothly and without slipping.
Listen all the while for noises from the exhaust, the gearbox and differential, and squeaks and rattles from the body.
9. TAKE A CRASH COURSE
CRASH repairers generally do a good job, so good it can be hard to pick that a car has been crunched.
But some do, for various reasons, cut corners; others are downright disreputable and do a really poor job.
Shoddy crash repairs generally can be easily seen. Look for over spray on parts that shouldn’t have paint on them, such as tyres, rubber seals, chrome trim, windows, headlights and plastic trim.
Also look inside door, boot and bonnet openings, because these are areas that lazy painters will often leave uncleaned after repairs have been done.
Excessive dust from body filler in hard-to-reach nooks and crannies is also a telltale sign that all is not well with the body.
Other giveaways, particularly in relatively new cars, are rattles and squeaks, sagging or misaligned doors, misaligned windows, and screws and bolts that show the marks of a spanner.
An even worse problem is a car that has been involved in a serious crash, then been “cut and shut” — the damaged area cut away and a new section welded on. Such a vehicle is dangerous, so if there’s even a hint of major damage, have it checked.
The worst cases can often be visually detected by watching as they’re driven down the road. If a car is crabbing — that is, not driving straight — walk away from it.
10. SERVICE HISTORY
ASK the vendor for the service history. Reluctance to provide it should be a warning sign that maintenance hasn’t been a priority.
A service history will tell you who has serviced the car — a dealer, service specialist or local mechanic.
It will also give you a running history of the car’s mileage so you can have some confidence in the current odometer reading.
11. GET PRO HELP
NO MATTER how well you think you’ve checked a car, it’s worth getting an expert to cast an experienced eye over it. Before you hand over your cash, have it checked by a motoring organization such as the RACV, a professional body such as the VACC, or a trusted mechanic.